Regulation of insulin receptor function

Resistance to the biological actions of insulin contributes to the development of type 2 diabetes and risk of cardiovascular disease. A reduced biological response to insulin by tissues results from an impairment in the cascade of phosphorylation events within cells that regulate the activity of enzymes comprising the insulin signaling pathway. In most models of insulin resistance, there is evidence that this decrement in insulin signaling begins with either the activation or substrate kinase activity of the insulin receptor (IR), which is the only component of the pathway that is unique to insulin action. Activation of the IR can be impaired by post-translational modifications of the protein involving serine phosphorylation, or by binding to inhibiting proteins such as PC-1 or members of the SOCS or Grb protein families. The impact of these processes on the conformational changes and phosphorylation events required for full signaling activity, as well as the role of these mechanisms in human disease, is reviewed in this article. Received 3 August 2006; received after revision 1 December 2006; accepted 8 January 2007     

Research advances in gene therapy for Parkinson's disease

During the long period of time when people have been seeking for an effective therapeutic method for PD, the gene therapy has shown greater and greater advantages over other methods. It can be performed mainly in two ways: ex vivo and in vivo. With the former, TH gene as well as some neurotrophic factor genes (such as GDNF, BNDF genes) can be invited to some cell lines or primary cells thus forming engineered cells and then implanting them into brain. While with the latter, viral vectors including HSV-1, Ad, AAV that can be utilized to construct recombinant viruses, or non-virus vectors can be used to delived DNA into brain directly. The present review summarizes the recent research advances in the gene therapy for PD, and it is reasonable for us to predict a notable progress in prevention and treatment for PD in the next decade.     

HRP和AP呈现束缚-浸水应激大鼠NTS儿茶酚胺能神经元Fos表达的效果比较

用辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)单酶先后标记Fos和酪氨酸羟化酶(TH),用二氨基联苯胺(DAB)增强剂和DAB分别呈色;以及同时用碱性磷酸酶(AP)和HRP双酶分别标记TH和Fos,再分别用5-溴-4-氯-3-吲哚磷酸盐(BCIP)和氯化硝基四氮唑蓝(NBT)对TH和DAB对Fos呈色,比较免疫双标时两种不同酶标记显色方法...     

N-磷酰酪氨酸的合成及二烷基亚磷酸酯与酪氨酸反应性研究

通过改进了的催化剂、碱含量及溶剂体系等条件,合成了N-磷酰酪氨酸,并在所拟定的实验条件下研究了常用的几种二烷基亚磷酸酯对酪氨酸的反应性。     

Effects of the adenylate cyclase activator forskolin and its inactive derivative 1,9-dideoxyforskolin on insect cytochrome P-450 dependent steroid hydroxylase activity

The adenylate cyclase activator forskolin and its pharmacologically inactive derivative 1,9-dideoxyforskolin were found to inhibit in a dose-dependent fashion the ecdysone 20-monooxygenase activity associated with wandering stage larvae ofDrosophila melanogaster and fat body and midgut from last instar larvae of the tobacco hornworm,Manduca sexta. The concentrations of these labdane diterpenes required to elicit a 50% inhibition of the cytochrome P-450 dependent steroid hydroxylase activity in the insect tissues ranged from approximately 5×10^–6 to 5×10^–4 M.     

Thyroid hormone controls carnitine status through modifications of γ-butyrobetaine hydroxylase activity and gene expression

The carnitine system plays a key role in β-oxidation of long-chain fatty acids by permitting their transport into the mitochondrial matrix. The effects of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism were studied on γ-butyrobetaine hydroxylase (BBH), the enzyme responsible for carnitine biosynthesis in the rat. In rat liver, BBH activity was decreased in the hypothyroid state and increased in hyperthyroid animals. The modifications in BBH activity correlated with changes in the enzyme Vmax values. These changes were shown to be related to hepatic BBH mRNA abundance. Thyroid hormones are known to interact with lipid metabolism, in particular by increasing long-chain fatty acid oxidation through activation of carnitine-dependent fatty acid import into mitochondria. Our study showed that thyroid hormones also increased carnitine bioavailability. Received 23 October 2001; received after revision 11 January 2002; accepted 15 January 2002     

Hypothalamic tyrosine hydroxylase activity,plasma gonadotropin and prolactin levels after aminooxyacetic acid in ovariectomized rats

Summary Plasma concentrations of gonadotropin, prolactin and hypothalamic tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activity were measured in ovariectomized rats treated with aminooxyacetic acid (AOAA), a drug which elevates brain GABA levels. Hypothalamic TH activity was significantly increased with a significant decrease in prolactin (Prl) release. Plasma levels of gonadotropins were not modified by AOAA. These results support an inhibitory action of GABA on Prl release possibly mediated through hypothalamic dopamine.Supported by grants from Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), New Delhi. RIA kits for the estimation of LH, FSH and Prl were kindly supplied by Dr A.F. Parlow, NIAMDD-NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. GNB is a UGC research fellow.     

N—BOC—L—Tyr制备方法的改进

标题化合物，一般以叔丁氧羰基肼和Ｌ－酪氨酸通过叠氮法获得，但常得到Ｎ－ＢＯＣ－Ｌ－Ｔｙｒ和Ｎ，Ｏ－ｄｉＢＯＣ－Ｌ－Ｙｙｒ的混合物，极能分离纯化，作者研究在导入ＢＯＣ后，以ＮＨ３为选择脱保护试剂，并采用彻底酸化试剂避免了原酸化步骤中胶化的问题，使双保护产物转化成目标产物，产品纯净，收率高。     

Src真核表达载体的构建与表达

构建酪氨酸蛋白激酶Src真核表达载体,并检测其在HEK293T细胞中的表达.根据Genebank（GI：4574718）提供的大鼠Src的cDNA序列设计特异性引物,以大鼠海马总RNA为模板,采用RT-PCR方法扩增Src的目的基因,然后克隆至真核表达载体pcDNA3.1.将筛选的阳性重组子转染入HEK293T细胞系,免疫印迹检测Src的蛋白表达水平,经限制性内切酶双酶切及测序分析,扩增的Src的cDNA成功连接入pcDNA3.1,并且序列与Genebank中一致.免疫印迹结果表明,构建的Src-pcDNA3.1可在HEK293T细胞中表达.成功构建了Src-pcDNA3.1真核表达载体,并且可在HEK293T细胞中高效表达.     

阿西替尼的合成

目的:阿西替尼的合成。方法:以3,6-二碘吲唑和2-巯基-N-甲基苯甲酰胺为原料,采用常规的化学合成法,通过优化条件以较高收率合成得到阿西替尼。结果:工艺总收率为53.04%,并用质谱、氢谱、碳谱等鉴定了目标物的结构。